Basic level terms, with which it is possible to refer to basic categories of object movements, are the verbs give, get, take und put in English. Lenz, Reference Lenz2017 Newman, Reference Newman2005). Footnote 4 Basic categories are characterized through specific aspects and qualities such as their major socio-cultural significance, their inclusivity as well as early acquisition and formal irregularities of their basic level terms (cf. Within the semantic network of concepts of object movements, give, get, take and put can be categorized as basic categories in terms of prototype semantics. Taxonomy of move actions (considerably simplified): Basic categories as well as superior and subordinate categories However, both types of movement (placement versus transfer) comprise the semantic aspect of a change of state ( become), which means a change of location ( bec(be loc)) and a change in have-relation ( bec( have)), respectively. Lenz, Reference Lenz, Artemis and Florian2013). However, while in the case of acts of transfer (i.e., actions of give, get and take) an object is moved between two animate entities ( old and new possessor), object movements are characterized by the inanimate nature of source and goal (cf. As indicated by Figure 1, acts of object movement are strongly connected to acts of transfer, in which objects are also moved between two entities. In case of a source-oriented object movement (i.e., take action), the focus lies on the movement away from a specific source (cf. Footnote 2 In case of a target-oriented object movement (i.e., put action), the object moves (from an implicit or explicit starting position) towards a goal (cf. Figure 1), we can differentiate object movements as acts of externally caused movement from subject movements, in which the agent (by) himself is in motion (e.g., acts of come and go). A taxonomy of object movements and their (German) terms Second, a comparison of these results with those from a recent 2016 dialect survey indicates that geben ‘give’ as a put verb continues to be frequently used today and that its use has been spreading from the contact area of German (more specifically: Eastern Upper German) and Slavic languages to further neighboring regions.Ģ. First, an examination of the results from the extensive “Wenker” questionnaire survey conducted between 18 allows for insights into the dialect geography of the contemporary German-speaking area at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. This article presents evidence supporting the hypothesis by analyzing two sources. section 3.2) however, their observations have never been examined systematically or empirically. Researchers in the field of language contact suggested a similar hypothesis already in the 19th century (cf. Considering this geographical concentration at the South Eastern borders of the German-speaking language areas, this article investigates to what extent the emergence of geben ‘give’ as a put verb is due to language contact between German and Czech. This language area covers South East Germany (mainly the federal state of Bavaria), large parts of Austria, and South Tyrol in Northern Italy (cf. Ammon, Bickel & Lenz, Reference Ammon, Bickel and Lenz2016:265). Unmarked nastavil martinsedlacek)/Rect/State(Unmarked)/StateModel(Marked)/Subj(L�stek s pozn�mkou)/Subtype/Text/T(martinsedlacek)/Type/Annot>

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